Biochanin-A, Coenzyme Q10, and Phloretin Mitigate Cadmium-Induced Pulmonary and Testicular Toxicity in Mice Through Modulating Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Via SIRT1-NRF2-KEAP1 Signaling Pathway.

Biochanin-A, Coenzyme Q10, and Phloretin Mitigate Cadmium-Induced Pulmonary and Testicular Toxicity in Mice Through Modulating Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Via SIRT1-NRF2-KEAP1 Signaling Pathway.

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Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a widely distributed environmental heavy metal contaminant that harms animals and humans, particularly in the lung and testicular tissues. Exposure to Cd leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular injury, which are involved in multiple organ dysfunction. In the current study, we investigated the potential curative effects of biochanin-A (BCA), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and phloretin (PHL) and the underlying mechanisms through which these natural compounds mitigate Cd-induced pulmonary and reproductive damage. Mice were administered orally with Cd (75 ppm) along with the i.p. dose of CoQ10 (10 mg/kg), BCA, and PHL (50 mg/kg each, respectively). After the 2 week treatment period, tissues of interest were harvested, and a wide range of biochemical assays, DNA damage assay, histopathological examinations, and gene expression analyses were performed. The Cd-treated group showed a decrease in body weight and motile sperms with alt...