Scientists Uncover the 9-Million-Year History of Potato Evolution

Scientists have unraveled the long-standing mystery behind the origin of the modern potato, revealing that it resulted from a natural hybridization event approximately 9 million years ago in South America. An extensive international research effort examined the DNA of 450 cultivated potato varieties alongside 56 wild relatives, uncovering that all potato species possess a genetic blend from two distinct ancestors: a wild tomato and a potato-like plant called Etuberosum. Despite evolving separately for around 5 million years, these species' genetic compatibility allowed for interbreeding, leading to the emergence of tuber-producing potato plants. Key genes responsible for tuber development were identified, notably SP6A from the tomato lineage, which triggers tuber growth, and IT1 from Etuberosum, which influences underground stem formation. This hybridization coincided with the Andean mountain range's rapid uplift, providing a new environment that favored tuberous growth as a survival strategy. The ability of potatoes to propagate through tubers facilitated their widespread dispersal and adaptation across diverse climates, culminating in the rich variety seen today. Lead researche...